> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://qurantalk.gitbook.io/false-verses/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://qurantalk.gitbook.io/false-verses/linguistic-concerns/red-flag-3-raauwfon-raufun.md).

# Red Flag #3: رَءُوفٌ (raūfun)

The Arabic word رَءُوفٌ (raūfun) occurs ten times in the Quran, and every single instance is in reference to God. The word is typically translated as Most Kind or Compassionate. We do not have a single occurrence of this word being used for anyone other than God in the entire Quran.

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As we see above, the root of this word occurs twelve times in the Quran. The other two occurrences use the plural form رَأْفَةً (rafatan) in 57:27 and 24:2. These other two occurrences are in the plural form because they are applied to people.

> \[57:27] Subsequent to them, we sent our messengers. We sent Jesus the son of Mary, and we gave him the Injeel (Gospel), and we placed in the hearts of his followers <mark style="color:red;">**kindness**</mark> and mercy. But they invented hermitism which we never decreed for them. All we asked them to do was to uphold the commandments approved by GOD. But they did not uphold the message as they should have. Consequently, we gave those who believed among them their recompense, while many of them were wicked.
>
> &#x20;ثُمَّ قَفَّيْنَا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ بِرُسُلِنَا وَقَفَّيْنَا بِعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْإِنْجِيلَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ <mark style="color:red;">**رَأْفَةً**</mark> وَرَحْمَةً وَرَهْبَانِيَّةً ابْتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبْنَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ رِضْوَانِ اللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوْهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَا فَآتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ

> \[24:2] The adulteress and the adulterer you shall whip each of them a hundred lashes. Do not be swayed by <mark style="color:red;">**pity**</mark> from carrying out GOD’s law, if you truly believe in GOD and the Last Day. And let a group of believers witness their penalty.
>
> الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ وَلَا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِمَا <mark style="color:red;">**رَأْفَةٌ**</mark> فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلْيَشْهَدْ عَذَابَهُمَا طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

So when رَءُوفٌ (raūfun) is applied in the singular form, it is always in reference to God. This is because God is the source and the criteria for Compassion; therefore, it only applies to Him alone. But if we look at 128, we see that the innovators have made this singular form and used it for the prophet.